Recently, Vietnam has reformed the laws and drew up the targets on the protection of the patients’ rights. An important purpose of these works is to raise the number of patients’ rights that should be protected. As a terri-tory of Vietnam, the Mekong Delta has also been imposed to follow the determined trend of improving the patients’ rights protection of Vietnam. However, in practice, the Mekong Delta may breach the common national and international expectations of patients’ rights protection. The research is to answer the doubt on patient’ rights infringement in several provinces in the Mekong Delta in public and private healthcare systems. In 2016, the research was conducted in the selected provinces such as Can Tho, Vinh Long, Soc Trang, and Kien Giang to investigate the status of the protection of patients’ rights. The results clearly showed that some problems remained. For example, the insured did not enjoy the rights to be diagnosed, to be provided information, and to be compensated. The solutions were offered to look for future solutions to the obstacles that hinder the selected provinces as well as the Mekong Delta from developing.